Conditional Sentences (Kalimat Pengandaian)

Conditional/pengandaian memiliki 3 bentuk :

1. Type 1 : Future Possible Condition
     Pengandaian ini menyatakan suatu yang mungkin terjadi pada waktu mendatang
     ataupun sekarang jika syarat/kondisi tertentu terpenuhi.
     Type 1 tidak ada fakta
     # If + Present Tense , Future Tense
                                    will
        If + S + V1, S + many + V1                 
                                    can
     Example :
     a.  If I have many, I will go to Spain. 
              if clause           main clause
     b. I    will   go to Spain  if   I   have  money.
         S   will   V1                if   S   V1
     c. If the research are successful, they will solve a number of problems.
     d. If  I save up enough money, I will go abroad.
     e. If you are lucky, you will get the special discount.
     f. If I am a rich girl, I will buy a castle.
     g. If I take a piano course, I will be a great pianist.
     h. If you don't behave well, the teacher will punish you.
     i. If we have holidays, we will visit a beach together.
     j. If I come home late, my parents will be angry.

2. Type 2 : Present Unreal Condition
     Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang ada atau
     terjadi sekarang.
     Fakta Type 2 adalah present tense (Type 1)
    # If + Past Tense, Past Future Tense
                                  would
       If + S + V2, S + could + V1
                                   might
    Example :
    a. If you studied, you would learn english quickly.
        if   S       V2       S   would   V1
        Fact : you don't study
    b. If I had money, I would go to Korean.
        Fact : I don't have money atau
                   I don't have money so will not go to Korean.
    c. If I studied hard, I could pass the English test.
        Fact : I don't study hard so I can't pass the English test.
    d. I would know the truth if you told me.
    e. If she didn't go home earlier, her father would call the police.
    f. If we bought the computer alone, we might get the bad quality.
    g. I would call you if I knew your number.
    h. They didn't hide, if Mr. Ihsan wasn't a scary person.

3. Type 3 : Past Unreal Conditional
     Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang telah
     terjadi (lampau).
     Fakta Type 3 adalah past tense (Type 2)
     # If + Past Perfect Tense, Past Future Perfect Tense
                                              would
        If + S + had + V3, S + could + have + V3
                                              might
      Example :
     a. If  I  had had money, I  would have gone to Japan
         if  S had V3              S  would have   V3
         Fact : I didn't have money atau
                   I didn't have money so I would not go to Japan.
    b. If I had caught the aerlier bus,  I would have been there on time.
        Fact : I didn't catch the aerlier bus, so I arrived there late.
    c. Ricky would have hit you if you hadn't had pulled his hair.
    d. If Dedy hadn't played tennis, he would have broken his leg.
    e. If Mr. Amir had worked hard, he wouldn't have been fired.

Elliptic Structure

Fungsi : 

Penghilang beberapa kata dalam sebuah kalimat agar mendapatkan kalimat yang simple dan pendek.

Kinds of elliptic structure :

a. Both.....and = Keduanya.....dan 

    Digunakan untuk menggabungkan 2 struktur paralel (Two nouns, Adj, Adverb, 

    Gerunds, to infinitive) dalam susunan gramatical yang sama.

    Contoh :

    1. Anita is interested in English 

        Anita is interested in Match

        => Anita is interested both English and Match.

        Catatan : Both terletak dibelakang karena subjek sama.

    2. Joy Allegra is member of political party

        Allona Brita is member of political party

        => Both Joy Allegra and Allona Brita are member of political party.

        Catatan : Both terletak didepan karena subjek berbeda.

    

b. And.....either..... = tidak juga

    And.....neither

    Kedua bentuk tersebut memiliki arti yang sama, tetapi "either" digunakan setelah 

    Aux Verb dan "neither" digunakan sebelum Aux Verb.

    Digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua kalimat negatif yang memiliki predikat yang 

    sama tapi subjeknya berbeda.

    Rumus :     

    S + P + O + And ___ S + Aux (negatif) + Either 

    S + P + O + And ___ Neither + Aux + S

    Contoh : 

    1. Farrah didn't like Match

        Kenna didn't like Match

        => Farrah didn't like Match and Kenna didn't either.

                                          atau

             Farrah  didn't like Match and neither did Kenna.

    2. Mr. William didn't celebrate the wedding party at the Star Hotel

        Mr. Robert didn't celebrate the wedding party at the Star Hotel

        => Mr. William didn't celebrate the wedding party at the Star Hotel and Mr. Robert 

             didn't either.

                                                                              atau

             Mr. William didn't celebrate the wedding party at the Star Hotel and neither 

             did Mr. Robert. 

c. Not only.....but also = Tidak / bukan hanya tetapi juga

    Digunakan untuk menggabungkan 2 kalimat paralel (Two nouns, Adj, Adverb, 

    Gerunds, to infinitive) dalam susunan struktur kalimat yang sama.

    Rumus :

                      Noun                       Noun

    Not only + Gerund + But also + Gerund + P + O

                      To-Inf                      To-Inf

    Contoh : 

    Not only her parent but also her brother always gifs her money every month.

Passive Voice

Kalimat pasif adalah kalimat yang yang artinya di atau ter.

Aturan passive voice :

1. Kalimatnya harus memiliki objek.

2. Objek dikalimat aktif menjadi subjek di kalimat pasif.

3. Kata kerjanya harus V3.

4. Susunannya sesuai tense.

No	Aktive	Passive
1.	Simple Present   (S + V1 s/es)	S + is, am,are + V3
2.	Simple past   (S + V2 )	S + was/were + V3
3.	Present Continous  (S + is, am, are + Ving )	S + is, am, are + being + V3
4.	Past Continous  (S + was/were + Ving)	S + was/were + being + V3
5.	Present perfect  (S + have/has + V3)	S + have/has + been + V3
6.	Past Perfect  (S + had + V3)	S + had + been + V3
7.	Simple Future  (S + will + V1)	S + will + be + V3

Contoh :

1. Farah cooked chicken soup for dinner.

      S        V2            O

   Passive > Chicken soup was cooked by Farah for dinner.

2. Mrs. Rose will attend the meeeting at 12.

           S       will     V1         O

  Passive > The meeting will be attended by Mrs. Rose at 12.

3. The Manager has just given a reward for the best employe.

           S           has       V3         O

  Passive > A reward has been just given by the manager for the best employe.

4. Faris and his friend are doing homework together.

                 S              are  Ving       O

  Passive > Homework is being done by Faris and his friend together

5. Salsa writers a letter for her father

       S        V1        O

  Passive > A letter is written by Salsa for her father.

6. Guntur reads newspaper in the living room

        S       V1        O

  Passive > Newspaper is read by Guntur in the living room.

7. Navya was washing her shoes at river.

        S    was    Ving        O

  Passive > Was being washed by Navya at river atau

                Her shoes was being washed by Navya at river.

8. Ruri has studied english with her friends

      S   has    V3        O

  Passive > English has been studied by Ruri with her friends

9. Herman destroyed his new HP yesterday

        S            V2           O

  Passive > Herman's new HP was destroyed  by Herman yesterday.

10. Fatma and Mutia will buy new laptop for their study's facilities.

                 S           will   V1       O

  Passive > New laptop will be bought buy Fatma and Mutia for their study's facilities.